Abstract The best therapeutic strategy for chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is still controversial. The lack of contemporaneity of medical treatment in many randomized clinical trials prior to the large-scale use of statins, antiplatelet agents, anti-diabetic drugs with cardiovascular protection, and changes in life habits with well-established goals limits the applicability of such studies in current clinical practice. Medical treatment is the only therapeutic option capable of reducing atherosclerotic damage and, therefore, of acting effectively in preventing the progression of this […]

Abstract Brugada syndrome (BS) is a genetic channelopathy, clinically characterized by an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis requires a typical electrocardiographic pattern, and data on risk stratification are limited in the literature. The aim of this study was to conduct a review on the importance of exercise stress test (EST) in risk stratification in BS. Articles were searched in the PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases. From the 200 articles retrieved, eight were included, with a total […]

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are often indistinctly used terms. Both combined have generated, over the past years, concerns about sex disparities in their presentation. From an epidemiological perspective, females have several disadvantages regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CAD. Most of the general cardiovascular risk factors affect women more frequently, or with a higher morbidity and mortality association. Besides, atypical manifestations of the disease and uncommon forms of CAD represent a diagnostic challenge […]

Abstract Degenerative aortic stenosis is currently a public health problem. Affecting the elderly population, this pathology has been showing an increasing prevalence as a direct result of the population aging. In this context, women have a greater life expectancy, corresponding to most of the population with degenerative aortic stenosis. Specific characteristics of this pathology in females are present in the diagnosis, pathophysiology, anatomical aspects, imaging and in therapeutic approach. Women present a more severe disease with less valve calcification than […]

Abstract Atherosclerosis has been defined as an inflammatory disease. Three decades of research have pointed to a pivotal role of interleukin 6 for many aspects of cardiovascular disease, not the least of which is atherosclerosis. In this review, experimental and clinical studies are reported on a timeline, exploring mechanisms and possible explanations that form the basis of current knowledge. Some successful clinical trials were proof of concept studies, showing that not only inflammatory biomarkers are related to cardiovascular outcomes, but […]

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing at epidemic proportions worldwide. MetS and its components are frequent among Brazilian women (41.8%). Women are affected by changes in adipose tissue distribution, lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), and vascular remodeling during their lives. These changes result from the lack of estrogen after menopause. There have been various attempts to propose a uniform origin for the clustering of the MetS components, including genetics, IR, obesity, lifestyle, sleep disturbances, inflammation, fetal and neonatal programming, and […]

Abstract This article explores challenges and barriers to managing cardiometabolic conditions, highlighting strategies and technologies for improving patient adherence. Approaches such as simplifying prescriptions, patient empowerment, health education, setting short-term goals, understanding social context, self-monitoring, and gamification have been effective in promoting adherence. The use of health apps for chronic diseases has also been increasing, facilitating medication adherence and self-monitoring. Integrating these approaches into clinical practice can lead to consistent outcomes and reduce care-associated costs.

Abstract This study presents a 47-year-old female patient, with a history of diabetes, who contracted SARS-CoV-2 and exhibited cardiovascular complications.

Abstract Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare type of vasculitis that affects mainly the aorta and its major branches. It is highly similar to giant cell arteritis (GCA), and differentiation between them may not be achieved even by histological examination. Arterial hypertension is typical of TA and is caused by stenosis of the renal arteries. Here we report the case of a 59-year-old woman, with a history of dyslipidemia and anemia, seen in the Internal Medicine department for resistant hypertension. […]

Introduction Rheumatic fever (RF) is a prevalent condition in developing countries, accounting for a cardiac mortality of rate 7.9% in Brazil (DATASUS). Cases of rheumatic fever are often underdiagnosed and recognized only after permanent valve damage due to previous carditis. Secondary prevention of RF aims to limit the development and/or progression of valvular lesions and their complications. However, even on therapy with benzathine penicillin every 21 days, patients may experience recurrence of acute RF, making diagnosis a greater challenge. The […]

Introduction Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a type of restrictive cardiomyopathy secondary to amyloid infiltration in the heart. The most common clinical forms are immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) and amyloidosis resulting from amyloid deposits secondary to the destabilization of the protein tetramer transthyretin (ATTR), which is divided into two types: the hereditary form (ATTRm) and the wild type (ATTRwt). Cardiac impulse conduction disorders and atrial arrhythmias are more frequent in ATTR than in the AL form, and this seems to […]

Background The acute complications of myocardial infarction (MI), such as mechanical, arrhythmic, ischemic, and inflammatory sequelae, may be responsible for significant cardiovascular morbimortality. Life-threatening arrhythmias, namely ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia, may be a challenging complication requiring a prompt approach. In some cases, acute ischemia leads to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT), and, rarely, to potentially lethal torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia. – […]

Abstract We present the case of a 55-year-old patient who underwent the Bentall-De Bono procedure with mechanical prosthesis in 2005 and was admitted to the emergency department in July 2020 with mixed shock. Complementary exams showed an abscess involving the prosthetic tube, two thirds of the aortic valve circumference and the left ventricle, with a neocavity of about 45 mm in diameter from the aortic sinus to the ascending aorta. The patient underwent surgical repair, with a new procedure using […]

Knowing how to live with negative emotions is not easy, and developing mechanisms to overcome them can be even more challenging. The attempt to determine the physical effects of emotions and establish their profound influence on the heart has challenged physicians for centuries. Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, significantly impact quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality. At least 30% of patients diagnosed with heart failure (HF) have depressive symptoms, and these numbers have progressively increased since […]

The association between diet quality and cardiovascular health has been extensively investigated over the last few years. The Global Burden of Disease Study showed that, in 2017, dietary risk factors such as high intake of sodium, low intake of whole grains, and low intake of fruits were responsible for 11 million deaths across 195 countries. Petersen et al. reviewed different ways to evaluate diet quality, which is a term used to quantify how healthy a particular dietary pattern is. It […]

Hearing loss and individualities Studies have shed light on the physiology of the auditory system, which is fundamental to understanding the diversity found in the deaf community. A study by Silva discusses the 3 types of auditory load described in Silman & Silverman’s classification system: conductive, neurosensory, and mixed. The first type is caused by inflammatory processes, excess cerumen in the external auditory canal, changes in the articulation of the auditory ossicles and tympanic membrane, malformations of the external ear, […]

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process in which the accumulation of cholesterol-laden plaque restricts blood flowin the arterial vasculature. The occlusion of arteries by expanding plaque or emboli from plaque rupture or erosion underlies a variety of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Although cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries, an epidemiological shift has occurred in recent decades., Improvements in vaccination and treatment of infectious diseases have […]

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a group of metabolic disorders marked by high blood glucose levels. Over 90% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The prevalence of T2DM has been increasing over the last decades worldwide, making it a serious global health concern. T2DM leads to an increased risk of the development of several health problems that result in high medical costs, poor quality of life, and higher mortality rates. More specifically, high blood glucose levels can […]

The demographic-epidemiological study of a disease allows for a more accurate characterization of situations involving the care of this pathology and a better distribution of resources, often scarce, thereby optimizing patient care. In a scenario of general lack of financial, technological, and professional resources, it is necessary to develop a program that addresses all processes, streamlining the care network flow and,m consequently, that produces a positive impact on the outcome. Continuous reassessment of methods and criteria are necessary in order […]

Human infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 have been ravaging the entire world since December 2019. As of February 17, 2023, records from the World Health Organization point to more than 756 million confirmed cases and approximately 6,845,000 deaths. In Brazil, until this date, approximately 36,961,000 cases have been reported, with about 698,000 deaths. Among the deaths, the main comorbidities reported are heart disease (40%), diabetes (28%), obesity (10%), neurological diseases (5%), kidney diseases (5%), and pneumopathies (5%). Furthermore, […]

Stroke is among the main causes of death in the world, a fact that is no different in Brazil. It is grouped in diseases of the circulatory system that correspond to almost 30% of deaths in Brazil; in this group of diseases, ischemic heart diseases hold first place, immediately followed by cerebrovascular diseases. It is impossible not to mention the fact that stroke, when it does not lead to death, generates disabilities and different degrees of deficiency, maintaining survival, but […]

Introduction Most cases of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are caused by ventricular tachyarrhythmias, with most of these associated with structural heart disease, particularly coronary heart disease. SCA is an uncommon occurrence in the apparently normal heart and accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of total cases. […]

The human race evolves and is increasingly exposed to new risk factors that increase the chance of acute cardiovascular events. Today, classic risk factors include pollution, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, individual income, marital status, stress due to injuries of all kinds, economic factors, and others. Observational studies have shown an upward trend towards an increase in deaths from cardiovascular disease due to exposure to risk factors, lack of more efficient control, adherence to treatments, policies for drug distribution, in addition […]

Information is a fundamental resource in a society, mainly for decision making. The process of obtaining this precious resource requires mastery and knowledge of its source. In investigations in several areas, regardless of their purposes, the use of information systems is frequently observed. An information system is complex, but, according to Siqueira, initially, it is composed of three basic elements: data, information, and knowledge. The data, according to the author, would be the smallest particle of this system. It is […]

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), continue to occupy a prominent position with regard to morbidity and mortality in the modern world. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the main pathology resulting from acute myocardial ischemia, persists with significant mortality rates in both developed and developing countries, despite significant advances in established protocols aimed at myocardial reperfusion. Diagnosis of AMI, as well as its subtypes, has been consistently updated through consensus. These updates have aimed to provide uniformity in the diagnosis […]

Sex is an important biological variable in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. , In fact, it could determine great differences in manifestation, treatment, and outcomes of several heart disorders. At the level of the aortic valve, there are sex-specific factors related to the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS) that influence hemodynamics changes resulting from pressure overload response, and they should be considered in the management of patients. Despite the fact that sex-based differences in AS exist, they are often not […]

Some anesthetic agents administered during general anesthesia can cause heart rhythm disorders, mainly associated with autonomic imbalance. Off-target cardiac sodium channel blockade is considered the canonical mechanism behind cardiotoxicity. Lidocaine, the most common local anesthetic, produces a transient loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function when the drug is injected or applied close to neural tissues; furthermore, it has a good safety margin before reaching toxic blood levels. However, care must be taken to keep track of the total dose […]

Ultra-processed foods, as defined by the NOVA classification, are industrial formulations made from substances extracted or derived from food, containing little to no whole food in their composition. These foods are typically enhanced with flavorings, colorings, emulsifiers, and other additives that alter the sensory attributes of the final product. The ingredients and processes used in the ultra- processed foods manufacture aim to create low-cost, hyper-palatable, and convenient products that have the potential to replace fresh or minimally processed foods. Ultra-processed […]

Care of patients and therapeutics in clinical practice has evolved based on scientific and technological advances, mainly in patients living in societies with appropriate social, educational, and economic conditions, as well as supported facilities that are able to be elicited when needed. However social disparities, whether in social and economic background or in education can vary among population subsets in a way that may hinder the proper care necessary to fulfill expected results. These disparities influence adherence that may be […]

What are the first steps to write a scientific article? It is always important to remember who the authors of a scientific article should be, namely, the people who: (1) helped to conceive or design the work; or obtained, analyzed, or interpreted research data; and (2) participated in writing the manuscript or critically reviewed it for important intellectual content; and (3) gave final approval of the version of the text to be published; and (4) agreed to ensure that questions […]

Summary COP researchers have already conducted very important research that must be expanded, including larger and more diverse and better defined populations, with patients around the world, different cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases, tests using a treadmill (more experience with treadmill CPET is needed), and evaluation of the prognostic values of sub-maximal parameters, such as COP and eventually VO 2 at VT1, versus the maximal parameters, such as pVO 2 , VE/VCO 2 slope, and OUES. A clear answer is needed: […]

In chronic diseases, the Quality of Life (QoL) is one of the most important patient-reported outcomes. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide and ischemic heart disease represents an important health burden. In a large population-based cohort, individuals with self-reported previous myocardial infarction (MI) presented worse self-perceived health statuses in all domains, particularly in mobility and anxiety / depression. However, QoL was not independently associated with MI but instead was associated with age, sex and number of comorbidities, […]

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has widely and profoundly impacted cardiovascular care worldwide. In Brazil, a decrease in emergency department visits for chest pain has been witnessed in both public and private healthcare providers., There has been a 23% reduction in weekly emergency department visits for chest pain, from 13.0 to 10.1 per 100.000 habitants, in public health services in Curitiba, Paraná. Private emergency departments have reported an even higher 42% reduction in suspected acute coronary syndrome presentations. A meta-analysis of 12 […]

Editorial referring to the article: Religiosity and Spirituality: The Relationship Between Psychosocial Factors and Cardiovascular Health The topic of spirituality and religiosity has become more prevalent in scientific publications and clinical practice. Researchers recognize that studying this area can lead to a better understanding of physiology and potential therapeutic interventions. There are even discussions about establishing a prognosis based on spirituality and religiosity, and we are finding evidence related to this topic. […]

For this issue of the International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, we would like to discuss the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic effects on performance measures in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a low/middle-income country. In the Americas, cardiovascular diseases, mainly ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease (stroke), are the leading causes of long-term disability and mortality. Over three quarters of heart disease and stroke-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. In the Americas region, during the […]

A new kid on the Block in POCUS: “LISA” Transesophageal echocardiography (TTE) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) are methods of choice for definitive diagnosis and prognostic stratification of acute aortic syndromes (AAS). Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has important applications in the initial workup of these patients in the emergency room (ER), ruling out other potential causes of chest pain and allowing a faster diagnosis, although conventional transthoracic echocardiographic acoustic windows do not allow for imaging of some segments of the thoracic […]

Abstract Background In tetralogy of Fallot, correction surgery is a priority choice, seeing that it is desirable to minimize pulmonary hypoflow and severe hypoxemia, which result in hypoxemic crises, with sudden worsening of cyanosis, tachypnea, and, in some cases, loss of consciousness, seizures, and even death. Objective To evaluate the predicting factors of surgical mortality in children and adolescents undergoing correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study carried out by consulting all surgical records of the Child and […]

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fats, cholesterol, fibrin, and other substances accumulate into plaque on the arterial walls. Plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, in turn limiting the blood flow and resulting in diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke (IS), or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). There is a fairly high risk of a secondary atherosclerotic event if patients are not treated after the primary episode. Objective To calculate the statistical probability of developing […]

Abstract Background In most cases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is preventable through primary prevention and control of traditional risk factors, such as smoking cessation, regular physical activity, and adherence to healthy dietary patterns. The assessment of diet quality of ACVD patients would be important for a dietary intervention. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate diet quality of ACVD patients and its association with clinical conditions. Methods This cross-sectional study was nested within a randomized clinical trial entitled “Programa Alimentar Cardioprotetor […]

Abstract Background Cardiovascular risk factors are prognostic factors in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have been scarcely studied in Brazil. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on the outcomes of patients admitted for COVID-19. Methods From July 2020 to February 2021, 200 patients from two public hospitals were enrolled. Patients were included if they had typical symptoms or signs of COVID-19, a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR) for COVID-19, […]

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression are present in patients with heart failure (HF), but their mutual correlation in hospitalized patients is not well established. Objectives The aims of this study were to identify the presence of cognitive impairment and the most affected domain, to investigate possible associations of cognitive impairment with depression and/or anxiety, and to observe whether they correlated with occurrence of readmission within 30 days following hospital discharge. Methods This is a prospective observational study including […]

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality statistics in Brazil and worldwide. The evaluation of the temporal and spatial distribution of mortality due to CVD is essential to support actions aimed at monitoring the implementation of health policies. Objectives To analyze the temporal trend of mortality due to CVD from 2009 to 2019, as well as the main causes of death according to gender and age group in nine cities of Rio Grande do […]

Abstract Background The incidence of diabetes mellitus in younger adults is rising over the years. The diabetic population has an increased risk of developing heart failure, and diabetic individuals with heart failure have four times greater mortality rate. Studies results about exercise effect on left ventricular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus are heterogenous. Objective This review aimed to analyze the effects of physical exercise on left ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Only randomized clinical trials […]

Abstract Introduction Nurses from the night shift are exposed to sleep deprivation, which is associated with circadian rhythm alteration, lifestyle changes, psychosocial stress, and, consequently, increased risk of blood pressure (BP) deregulation and hypertension. Objective To analyze risk factors associated with elevated BP levels in nursing workers. Methods A transversal, quantitative study was conducted with 172 nursing professionals of a large hospital in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following data were collected: anthropometric and BP measurements, sociodemographic characteristics, […]

Abstract Background Cardiac anomalies are the most prevalent congenital malformations among live births in the world. In Brazil, it is estimated that nearly 25,757 new cases occur each year, and the Southeast region presents the highest prevalence, with 10 new cases/1,000 live births. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the state of São Paulo. Methods This is a cross-sectional and time-series observational study with data from the Brazilian Information […]

Abstract Introduction Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is associated with a decline in ventilatory muscle strength and lung function. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) based on anaerobic threshold (AT) has been used to minimize the impact of CABG on these parameters, but the long-term impact is unknown. Objective To test the hypothesis that AT-based IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength and lung function even six months after CABG. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. In the preoperative period, maximum […]

Abstract Background Recent reports in the literature have indicated that infection by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes cardiac complications, such as heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and even fulminant myocarditis. These complications have been identified as the cause of death in some patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Objectives To analyze echocardiographic and electrocardiographic changes, treatments used, and clinical outcomes in patients with myocarditis and COVID-19. Methods The items described for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. […]

Abstract Background Controlling blood pressure and glycemic levels is a challenge that requires innovative solutions. Objective To assess the feasibility of implementing a text message intervention among low-income primary care patients, as well as to assess self-reported behavioral change. Methods A set of 200 text messages was developed on healthy eating, physical activity, adherence, and motivation. Participants from Vale do Mucuri, MG, Brazil diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension or undergoing screening for those diseases, received 5 to 8 messages per […]

Abstract Background In view of the absence of effective therapy for COVID-19, many studies have been conducted seeking to identify determining factors for the development of severe forms, aiming to direct efforts to avoid the worst outcomes in patients susceptible to severe conditions. One of the main comorbidities associated with complicated forms of the disease is systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). Objective To assess aspects of the clinical, demographic, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 to contribute to […]

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia, and its prevalence increases with age. The management of AF in the elderly is challenging, as it is normally associated with comorbidities and frailty. AF catheter ablation (CA) is a safe and superior alternative to antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) for the maintenance of sinus rhythm. Objectives To evaluate the rate of complications associated with CA for AF across different age groups. Methods A retrospective analysis of 219 patients who underwent CA […]

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. The main cause of death among diabetics is cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a precursor to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Approximately 30% of diabetic patients with AMI require myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS). Objective To evaluate the prevalence of MRS in diabetic and non-diabetic patients after AMI in a hospital in the city Criciúma, Brazil, during the period from 2016 to 2019. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried […]

Abstract Background Literature is scarce on echocardiographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Objectives To describe echocardiographic characteristics of ICU COVID-19 patients and associate them with clinical signals/symptoms, laboratory findings and outcomes. Methods Patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19, admitted to the ICU, who underwent echocardiography were included. Clinical characteristics associated with an abnormal echocardiogram (systolic ventricular dysfunction of any degree — left and/or right ventricle — and/or high filling pressures and/or moderate to severe pericardial effusion) […]

Abstract Background Dental anesthetic management in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients with cardiac channelopathies (CCh) can be challenging due to the potential risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and appropriate ICD therapies during procedural time. Objectives The present study assessed the hypothesis that the use of local dental anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or without a vasoconstrictor can be safe in selected ICD and CCh patients, not resulting in life-threatening events (LTE). Methods Restorative dental treatment under local dental anesthesia […]

Abstract Background: Stroke is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the Southeast Region of Brazil, and it is impacted by socioeconomic conditions and the age of the population in the region. Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the burden of stroke in the adult population, for both sexes, in different age groups, in the Southeast Region of Brazil, in the year 2019. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with secondary data on stroke, […]

Abstract Background: Children and adolescents should be encouraged to participate in sports; however, physicians should screen for cardiac abnormalities that can lead to sudden death. The European Society of Cardiology, the Brazilian Society of Cardiology and the Brazilian Society of Sports Medicine indicate performing an electrocardiogram (ECG) in evaluating athletes, while the American Heart Association indicates complementary exams only when there is a personal or family history of cardiovascular diseases or changes in clinical examination. Objectives: To evaluate the need […]

Abstract Background: Monocytes are essential components in inflammatory signaling, and their recruitment is crucial in the signaling pathway, which directs and determines cell adhesion to the activated endothelium. A better understanding of the correlation between monocyte subsets and inflammatory signaling in patients with atherosclerotic disease in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is essential for the development of more effective therapies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To analyze differences between biomarkers and monocyte activation in the setting of […]

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The coexistence of high thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risks, added to the lack of strong scientific evidence on the safety of anticoagulants in the setting of renal failure, makes this a clinically challenging situation. Objectives To describe the clinical-demographic profile and prevalence of AF in the population with ESRD undergoing dialysis. Secondary objectives include the assessment of thromboembolic (CHA2DS2VASC) and bleeding (HASBLED) risk scores. […]

Abstract Background There are few publications about the association between the phytochemical index (PI) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Objective To evaluate the association between the PI and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with 141 adults, between 20 and 59 years of age. We analyzed lifestyle (physical activity), sociodemographic data (sex, age), anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC]), biochemical data (lipid profile, blood glucose), food consumption, and phytochemical […]

Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a medical condition of great relevance, with clinical characteristics of AMI, but without evidence of coronary artery obstruction. The mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of the disease and its possible etiologies are important objects of study due to their impact on the morbidity and mortality of affected patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to systematically review MINOCA and its characteristics, with emphasis on the clinical profile […]

Abstract Background Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of mortality in Brazil, which includes acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In 2017, 12% of deaths caused by infarction in Brazil occurred in the state of Rio de Janeiro, characterizing it as an important “hotspot” in the country. Objectives This study aimed to characterize the population affected by AMI over the past decade within the state so as to guide future public policies related to CVDs. Methods Secondary data of patients affected […]

Abstract Background Refractory hypertension (RfH) is a severe phenotype of resistant hypertension (RH) linked to higher risk of stroke and other adverse cardiovascular events, but knowledge about it is still lacking. Objectives To evaluate the association between RfH and stroke. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in a referral clinic for patients with severe hypertension in the period from 2018 to 2020. RH was defined as uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) despite the use of 3 antihypertensive agents, including a diuretic, […]

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the routine of emergency centers around the world, including in Brazil, where the crisis has affected the volume of major cardiac surgeries such as coronary artery bypass grafting. Objective To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of surgical procedures for coronary artery bypass grafting in Brazil. Methods An ecological, cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study was conducted. Data for the period from July 2018 to June 2019 and from July […]

Abstract Background Direct anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) differ in pharmacokinetic characteristics, intensity of required laboratory monitoring, and costs. These differences could affect patients’ adherence to treatment and quality of life (QoL). Objective To assess whether patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) using DOACs have better treatment adherence and QoL when compared to patients using VKAs. Methods We conducted a systematic review in Medline, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central, until June 9, 2021. We included studies […]

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has changed food consumption. Objective Evaluate the association between metabolic phenotypes, changes in food consumption during the pandemic, and health outcomes in obese women. Methods Cross-sectional observational study including 491 women without previous diagnosis of chronic diseases, evaluated according to metabolic phenotype. During the pandemic, a subsample was re-evaluated by online questionnaires via Google Forms. Analyzed anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data as well as health outcomes (coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia or […]

Abstract Introduction Myocardial revascularization surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality, due to factors like the general anesthesia and the surgical procedure itself. Physiotherapy, combined with early mobilization (EM), can provide the patient with better functional parameters. Objective To review, identify and describe the effectiveness of EM in the prevention and rehabilitation of functional parameters of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methodology This is a systematic review conducted between February 2020 and 2021 of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published […]

Abstract Background Dietary treatment containing fiber-rich foods may contribute to lowering weight in obese women. Objective To investigate the effect of a hypoenergetic diet combined with pumpkin seed flour (PSF) consumption on diet quality, anthropometric indices, and glucose and lipid metabolism in obese women. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 90-day clinical trial with obese women, distributed into the following two groups: hypoenergetic diet + placebo (PG) and hypoenergetic diet + pumpkin seed flour (PSFG). A total of 100 […]

Abstract Background International publications have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the indicators of care for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), with a potential increase in morbidity and mortality. Objectives To compare mortality, time from symptom onset to primary angioplasty (total delay [TD]), time from symptom onset to initial medical contact (patient delay [PD]), and time from initial medical contact to guidewire insertion in the hemodynamics laboratory (system delay [SD]) among patients admitted for STEMI at the […]

Abstract Background Arterial stiffness and hypertension are strong predictors of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are first-line antihypertensive agents in reducing blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ACEI and ARB in reducing arterial stiffness and preventing target organ damage in patients with hypertension. Methods This observational study included 654 participants who attend routine consultations at an outpatient hypertension clinic in 2 […]

Abstract Background Warfarin is the only oral anticoagulant available in the Brazilian public health system. Health knowledge and treatment are essential to achieving the desirable therapeutic effect. However, data on these aspects among primary care patients are still lacking. Objective To assess health literacy, patient knowledge, and adherence to oral anticoagulation with warfarin, as well as the medication regimen complexity in primary health units in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients using warfarin […]

Final considerations The development of a value-based health system that is centered around individual needs and scaled to deliver the best health outcomes within a budget constraint is possible and favored by structural changes to the system, such as payment methods and a technology base that enables real-life data-driven management. PHC centralization and the interconnection with data shared between the assisted population and specialized care systems seem to be a requirement for greater capacity for tracking, diagnosing, and managing cardiometabolic […]

Abstract Background: It is estimated that more than 30% of the Brazilian population has systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), and mostly as an uncontrolled disease. The most recent Brazilian Guideline of Hypertension recommends the practice of self-measurement of blood pressure (BP) as one of the strategies for a better control of SAH, but there is no consensus about the efficiency of this tool. Objective: To assess the control of SAH and the practice of non-targeted self-measured BP (SMBP) among hypertensive users […]

Abstract Background: Home-based virtual reality technology may become an alternative to cardiac rehabilitation. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a specific, home-based exercise program, performed either through a virtual reality (Kinect) or a conventional format (booklet) in the maintenance stage of cardiac rehabilitation for six months on functional muscle strength of the lower limbs, physical activity and exercise tolerance. Methodology: This is a randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov — NCT02753829) with individuals with coronary artery disease from a hospital in Porto, […]

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause permanent damage to vascular structures by directly or indirectly affecting the cardiopulmonary system. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an important identified risk factor for vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between Lp(a) levels measured at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis and the pulmonary artery (PA) to the ascending aorta (Ao) ratio (PA:Ao ratio) in survivors evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods: The study sample consisted of […]

Abstract Background To offer proper medical care to patients with ST-segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in low- and middle-income settings (LMIS) is challenging. However, it is not known if performance indicators have changed back after the epidemiological recovery. Objective to describe performance measures (PM) in patients with STEMI during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Observational study of patients with STEMI, from an LMIS, with analysis of PM suggested in the 2017 AHA-ACC Performance Measures for Adults with STEMI. […]

Abstract Introduction: Currently, two types of phenotypes have been recognized in individuals who are obese. Among the factors related to lifestyle, diet has a relevant influence, although there is no consensus regarding the role of diet in metabolic phenotypes; furthermore, diet is a strong moderator of chronic systemic inflammation. Objective: Investigate dietary inflammatory potential between metabolic phenotypes and to compare the differences between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diets in individuals with the same phenotype. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study […]

Abstract Background: Several hemodynamic and respiratory variables measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) have been shown to predict survival. One such measure is the cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP) that reflects the best possible circulation-respiration interaction, but there are still limited data on its relationship with adverse outcomes. Objective: To assess the association between COP and cardiovascular mortality in men aged 46 to 70 years. Methods: A sample of 2201 men who had anthropometric, clinical, and COP data obtained during cycling […]

Abstract Background: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the acute coronary syndrome with the highest severity and mortality. It can affect physical health and well-being of patients, and consequently their quality of life (QoL). Objective: To describe the QoL of patients at 30 days and 180 days after STEMI, focusing on sex differences and repercussions on physical and mental dimensions. Methods: Observational study with 174 STEMI patients included in the study on STEMI conducted in the city of Salvador, Brazil […]

Abstract Background: Religiosity and Spirituality (R/S), despite being different entities, are multidimensional constructs, whose influence on cardiovascular health has been increasingly studied in recent decades. Objectives: To discriminate patients into subgroups according to R/S levels, in order to compare them regarding the distribution of cardiovascular comorbidities and clinical events. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study. Two R/S scales were applied to a sample of patients seen at cardiology outpatient clinics. A cluster analysis was used to discriminate individuals […]

Abstract Background Cardiac arrest (CA) is a common condition associated with high mortality. The Brazilian advanced life support training TECA A (Treinamento em Emergências Cardiovasculares Avançado — Advanced Cardiovascular Emergency Training) was created to train healthcare professionals in the management of CA. However, there are no studies evaluating the effectiveness of TECA A. Objective To assess the impact of TECA A on the management of CA using a simulated CA situation. Methods Fifty-six students underwent a simulated case of CA […]

Abstract Background Patients with degenerated saphenous vein grafts (SVG) have a higher risk of developing no-reflow. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was established as a no-reflow predictor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objectives In our study, we aimed to assess the association between CHA2DS2-VASc score and no-reflow after the procedure and short-term mortality in patients with SVG who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Our retrospective study comprised 118 patients who were divided into two groups according to the […]

Abstract Background Ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates in Brazil and worldwide. Their outcomes are influenced by public policies aimed at mitigating risk factors and by investments in infrastructure of emergency support and quality of hospital care. Objective To analyze the trend in the proportion of in-hospital deaths from ischemic stroke and AMI in Brazil as a way of evaluating the effectiveness of urgency and emergency services. Methods Ecological time […]

Abstract Background The SHARPEN score was developed to predict in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for infective endocarditis (IE), undergoing or not undergoing cardiac surgery. A comparison with other available scores has not yet been carried out. Objective To evaluate the performance of the SHARPEN score in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for IE undergoing cardiac surgery and compare it with that of both nonspecific and IE-specific surgical scores. Methods Retrospective cohort study including all admissions of patients ≥18 years […]

Abstract Background Although active commuting is inversely related to cardiovascular disease risk factors, these associations are unknown among Brazilian primary health care users. Objective To investigate the association between active commuting to daily activities and the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between May and August 2019, included primary health care users from all 34 primary health care centers in Passo Fundo, a city in southern Brazil. Cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular diseases, […]

Abstract Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined by focal enlargement of the coronary artery exceeding 1.5 times the adjacent normal segment. CAE can often cause arrhythmias, heart failure, sudden death, and myocardial ischemia. Ischemia due to microvascular dysfunction may be responsible for the ventricular heterogeneity in CAE. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the frontal QRS-T angle in patients with CAE. Methods: Our study included 55 patients with CAE and 50 individuals in the control group. […]

Abstract Background: Risk stratification on admission of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is considered a clear strategy for effective treatment, early intervention, and survival. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for in-hospital mortality from cardiac causes after STEMI. Methods: Observational, retrospective, longitudinal study, with a quantitative approach, based on data from the medical records of individuals diagnosed with STEMI treated at the Emergency Room of a large hospital in the state of […]

Abstract Background: The 2019 Coronavirus disease is known to cause thromboembolic events. There is little information on the severe COVID-19 consequences in children. Objectives: To determine whether elevated D-dimer levels in the pediatric population with COVID-19 are a risk marker for the development of thromboembolic events. If so, D-dimer levels could be used to determine prophylactic anticoagulation measures if needed. Methods: This is a systematic review, performed according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and […]

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common form of cardiac disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the expression of miR-27a and miR-27b as biomarkers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with CAD and investigated its correlation with cholesterol-efflux transporter, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Method: This study was performed on 54 men with CAD and 51 healthy, sex- and age-matched control participants. The expression of miR-27a/b and ABCA1 […]

Abstract Background: Inflammation, which is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, plays a critical role in the development of both cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) and cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker which also has proinflammatory properties. Recent studies have reported CEA to be associated with atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and visceral adiposity. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) can exhibit highly inflammatory and pathogenic properties, and is a known risk factor for CMD. However, its relationship with CEA is still unknown. Objectives: This […]

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly affects the respiratory system, while the most common extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 is cardiovascular involvement. Objective: To identify the frequency of electrocardiographic changes and cardiac arrhythmias in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, including patients aged >18 years with diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in a high-complexity hospital in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, from March to September 2020. A descriptive analysis with an analytical […]

Abstract Background: Ischemic heart disease is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. There are few data in the literature about the association of clinical profile and coronary angiography results in the Brazilian population. Objectives: To assess clinical variables and their associations with the results of coronary angiography and to evaluate the safety of coronary angiography in a public university hospital. Methods: From August 2015 to April 2018, 1 844 patients submitted to coronary angiography at the Pedro […]

Abstract Background Self-care in the management of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is crucial, and validated instruments can help researchers and health professionals to plan strategies to improve self-care in people with SAH. Objective The main objective of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validated the Hypertension Self-Care Profile (HBP-SCP) for Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The translation and cross-cultural adaptation was performed in five phases, and the pre-final version was tested in 30 individuals, native speakers of Portuguese with a […]

Abstract Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with a high mortality rate. Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis before invasive procedures has been recommended in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions since 1960, but contemporary guidelines worldwide have proposed changes. Objective To evaluate the knowledge and pattern of prescription by cardiologists and dentists regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis before risky oral procedures. Methods This is an observational and cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from an online questionnaire, sent to […]

Introduction Valvular heart disease contributes to an important portion of hospital admissions. It can progress to heart failure and death, and it ranks eighth among the causes of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in Brazil. From the moment that a valve disease becomes anatomically important and has clinical repercussions, only interventional treatment (conventional surgery or transcatheter technique) is able to alter the natural course of the disease., The choice of intervention leads to the need for individualized evaluation of the […]

Abstract Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and affects about six to seven million individuals worldwide. The distribution of cases is concentrated mainly throughout Latin America, especially in rural areas. This study aims to evaluate microRNAs (miRNAs) as indicators in CD diagnosis for possible contributions to its management. This is a literature review study, carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, Bireme Library, NCBI, Science Direct, and Embase databases, through which a total of 12 articles were […]

Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2022 Issue vol 35(6), pages 718-726. In Original Article “Physical Training Improves Cardiac Structure and Function of Rats After Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy”, with DOI number: , published in International Journal of Cardiovascular Science, 35(6) in page 718-726. Correct the author’s name “Alexandre Gonçalvez” to “Alexandre Gonçalves”. […]

n Original Article “Factors Associated With Elevated Blood Pressure in Nursing Workers”, with DOI number: https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20220001 , published in International Journal of Cardiovascular Science, 36:e20220001. Correct the author’s name “Patrícia Magnaboso” to “Patrícia Magnabosco”.   […]

Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2023;36:e20220115 In Original Article “Adherence and Quality of Life in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation With Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists: A Systematic Review”, with DOI number: , published in International Journal of Cardiovascular Science, 36. Include the supplementary material in the following link: […]

Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2022; 35(4), 530-536 In Original Article “Epicardial Fat Tissue Thickness and Omentin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation”, with DOI number: , published in International Journal of Cardiovascular Science, 35(4). Correct the Orcid of the author Alaeddin Avşar from “” to “”. […]

Introduction Coronary microfistula was initially described as an anatomical finding in the late 1960s by Murad and colleagues, and it was later recognized as a morphofunctional abnormality of the coronary arteries capable of causing clinical findings (). This often asymptomatic entity is still poorly recognized in clinical practice, although it can be readily identified in the catheterization laboratory, cineangiography studies, and more recently by coronary CT angiography. Initially, this condition was not taken into consideration, and it was justified as […]