International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 12/jul/2021;34(4):344-6.
Are Women the Fragile Sex? Or are They the Singular Sex?
Celi Marques-Santos
, Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira
Women need specific intervention and information about their particularities, especially regarding CV risk factors, as well as the biological, pathophysiological, and social differences between the sexes. The majority of large clinical trials that address current cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were not conducted with enough women to generate robust evidence. CVD in women remains poorly studied, poorly recognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated, generating worse outcomes. It is necessary to change this reality so that women are approached according to their singularities in order to reduce the burden of CVD by 2030.
Among the CV risk factors in Brazilian women, arterial hypertension, dietary risks, obesity, increased serum cholesterol, and fasting glucose stand out. Sex-related CV risk factors, which affect CVD throughout life, play a crucial role in women. Menopause, especially in women 40 years, promotes changes in body composition, with an increase in fat mass and a greater probability of metabolic syndrome., Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and premature birth, increase CVD in adulthood. The use of contraceptive hormones associated with arterial hypertension increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) by 12 times. Polycystic ovary syndrome and autoimmune diseases contribute to increased cardiovascular risk.
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Palavras-chave: Cardiovascular Diseases; Women; Women's Health
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