International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 15/Aug/2025;38:e20250049.
Challenges and Opportunities in Teaching and Training Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care in Developing Countries: A Narrative Review
Carolina Vieira de Campos
, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a public health issue in developing countries. Effective teaching and training are vital for healthcare professionals to provide adequate care for critically ill cardiac children, but there are many obstacles to adequately training a cohort of healthcare professionals in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where education practice is not always aligned with current education evidence. Work overload, time constraints, language, and the healthcare structure itself hinder standardization of an optimal training process for this highly complex scenario. This narrative review aims to explore how current teaching methodologies may help overcome challenges in pediatric cardiac critical care (PCCC) education, thus helping clinical practice, with a special focus on developing countries and the Brazilian scenario.
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