Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are often indistinctly used terms. Both combined have generated, over the past years, concerns about sex disparities in their presentation. From an epidemiological perspective, females have several disadvantages regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CAD. Most of the general cardiovascular risk factors affect women more frequently, or with a higher morbidity and mortality association. Besides, atypical manifestations of the disease and uncommon forms of CAD represent a diagnostic challenge […]

According to the recently published “Cardiovascular Statistics – Brazil 2020”, mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is proportionally higher in women compared to men. The INTERHEART study demonstrated that the population attributable risk for myocardial infarction associated with modifiable risk factors of smoking, alcohol use, high-risk diet, and physical inactivity, was significantly higher among women than men. Evidence from the VIRGO study (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI] Patients) indicates that both health […]