How to face challenges and promote improvements? In 2017, a survey revealed that 18% of the 33 participating African countries had no registered cardiologists., Across Africa, there are approximately 2000 registered cardiologists for a population of 1.2 billion inhabitants. There is a scarcity of cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology services, with around 22 cardiothoracic centers in Africa, and 30% of African countries lack artificial cardiac stimulation therapies and cardiac electrophysiology.– The lack of qualified human resources is a critical obstacle. […]